Duplicate Detectable Opportunistic Forwarding in Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Network routing, offering relatively efficient and adaptive forwarding in low-duty cycled sensor networks, generally allows multiple nodes to forward the same packet simultaneously, especially in intensive traffic networks. 

 

DOF enables senders to obtain information from all potential forwarders via a slotted acknowledgement scheme so that the data packets can be sent to the next-hop forwarder. DOF explores the possibilities as many as possible based on light-weight coordination and removes duplicate packets from the forwarding process. 

 

On an indoor test bed with 20 TelosB nodes, we implement DOF and evaluate its performance. The experimental results show that DOF reduces the average duplicate ratio by 90% compared to state-of-the-art opportunistic protocols and achieves a 61.5% increase in network yield and a 51.4% reduction in energy consumption.